Human Trafficking Essay - 1408 Words

Human Trafficking is the unlawful trade of human beings for various purposes such as reproductive slavery or sex slavery. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC] protocol on trafficking, â€Å"Trafficking in Persons is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation† (UNODC). Human Trafficking is a growing phenomenon. It is one of the fastest growing types of transnational†¦show more content†¦Individuals are held against their own will and forced to do things they do not want to do. The right to life, liberty, and security of persons are all neglected. Freedom of speech and freedom of movement are greatly violated and autonomy is no longer an option. Once an individual is trafficked he or she no longer has a voice in anything. In 2000, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) was passed as a law by Congress. The intent of the TVPA was to protect the individuals that were trafficked and to punish the traffickers. The TVPA tries to combat human trafficking by supporting the â€Å"3P’s† policy: Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention (Haerens 30). Prosecution includes passing the suitable laws that will punish Traffickers. Protection involves protecting the individuals that have fallen victim to the crime of human trafficking. I n many cases shelter, medical care, and witness protection are provided for the individual. Prevention involves trying to prevent the inhumane practice of human trafficking. One way to prevent it is to raise awareness. If people know what they are up against, then they will be more careful. It is important to keep the TVPA updated; the TVPA is usually updated every two to three years. Another document that fights against Human Trafficking is known as the Trafficking Protocol. There are three protocols that are collectively referred to as the Palermo Protocols (Roza 81). Of the threeShow MoreRelatedThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking1061 Words   |  5 Pagesare approximately twenty to thirty million slaves in the world today. Unfortunately due to trafficking being a fast growing crime it is very difficult to identify and locate these organizations and victims. Although there are many groups created to support victims, not enough awareness is being made and not enough action is bei ng applied to stop human trafficking. Sex trafficking is a form of human trafficking that has been a worldwide issue since ancient times, but regularly forgotten, due to it beingRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking886 Words   |  4 Pages(Attention catcher)What if somebody came into your life and guaranteed a better lifestyle, but instead you were enslaved into human trafficking? Human trafficking is when a person is abducted from their current situation and mostly likely used for sex slavery. Furthermore, did you know human trafficking increased over the years? (Listener relevance) Although you may not be as aware in your comfortable surroundings, you should always be aware of suspicious vehicles and people. Even though we enjoyRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking930 Words   |  4 Pagesman. Regardless of the reasons, there are nearly 30 million victims of human trafficking globally. There are more slaves now than ever before. Trafficking of persons is not a subject that should be ignored or tak en lightly. In order to fully understand the enormity of this crisis, we will examine the root causes, facts, and the impact of human trafficking throughout the world. There are several factors to why human trafficking exists: poverty, governmental instability, natural disasters, addictionRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking3494 Words   |  14 Pagesended, never to return, they go back and sneak into our communities in severe forms by human trafficking crimes. When humanity eliminated the phenomenon of human slavery, it returned in different pictures and forms, combining them enslaving people, through the recruitment, transportation, transfer of people by force and threat, and using and exploiting them in different ways. Among the victims of human trafficking crimes, there are those who are subjected to sexual exploitation, labor exploitationRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Trafficking901 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Smuggling and trafficking continues to be a worldwide plague that has been, thus far been largely ignored by the international community. The paramount reason human trafficking and smuggling has festered and grown roots and spread globally. It started as a grassroots effort on the local level where women and girls (it affects boys as well) would be used and sold for sex. Eventually, greed and corruption tagged along for the ride and at that point the crimes became an organized enterprise. AtRead MoreThe Human Of Human Trafficking Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesin 1865, the practice of it is still very alive today. Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the buying and selling of people, whether it s for forced labor or commercial sex. Every year, thousands of adults and childre n, especially girls, are forced into the endless trafficking ring. â€Å"The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 20.9 million victims of human trafficking globally† (â€Å"The Facts†). The human trafficking industry is a worldwide network that is worth an estimatedRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesIn this essay, the history of human trafficking will be examined, followed by who is affected by trafficking. Next the scope and types of exploitation will be discussed. Human trafficking is an issue that affects countries all over the world. Governments have made an effort to curb trafficking, however these efforts have been very narrowly focused. American ignorance has led to poor handling of the issues by policy makers. Finally the essay will discuss a proposed solution and set some goals forRead MoreHuman Trafficking1355 Words   |  6 PagesRigdon November 16, 2014 Human Trafficking and its Dire Effects. Human Trafficking in the United States is something not a lot of people discuss. Most think it is only something that happens in third world countries, but in fact could be happening in their hometown. According to Protocol to Prevent, Subdue and Punish Trafficking in Persons, human trafficking in the modern world entails transfer of persons by use of applied force. Other methods used to enforce the trafficking include use of deceptionRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Human Sex Trafficking1850 Words   |  8 Pagesof human sex trafficking come to one s mind. The United States of America is not immune to this type of horrific behavior. America is the land of the free and yet something as awful as human sex trafficking occurs in our very own backyard each and everyday. According to the Department of Homeland Security the definition of human trafficking is â€Å"modern day slavery that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act† (â€Å"What Is Human Trafficking?†)Read MoreSex Trafficking And Human Trafficking Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking brings in billions of dollars into the U.S and all around the world. â€Å"The prime motive for such outrageous abuse is simple: money. In this $12 billion global business just one woman trafficked into the industrialized world can net her captors an average $67,000 a year† (Baird 2007). The laws around human trafficking are not strict and vary depending on what country it is happening in. Human trafficking is not something that is strictly foreign, it

Bibliotherapy for Frankenstein’s Monster Free Essays

In the novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, the monster reads or listens to 4 different books. Each one shaped how he thought and felt about things differently. Bibliotherapy is the use of reading materials for help in solving personal problems or for psychiatric therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Bibliotherapy for Frankenstein’s Monster or any similar topic only for you Order Now If these books would be changed, the monster may have fit better into society. One book read by the monster was Paradise Lost. This is the story of Satan and also the story of Adam and Eve. It tells about Satan’s fall from Heaven and also Adam and Eve’s sins. The monster relates to Adam because, like Adam, the monster is unlike any other thing of the time. But other than that, he says that he relates to Satan more. This contributes to a poor self-image for the monster. It makes him feel hated by his creator and worthless. If I could substitute another book in for Paradise Lost, I would choose Pinocchio. This story would show that when somebody creates something, no matter what it may seem like, the creator always loves his creation. Another book read, or in this case heard, by the monster was Ruin of Empires. This book gives some history on civilizations of the past. The monster gathers from this book some knowledge of world history and also begins to question man. He said that he once â€Å"could not conceive how one man could go forth to murder his fellow,† but after hearing the book and learning of vice and bloodshed he was disgusted. For this book I would substitute To Kill a Mockingbird. This book would teach the monster that, even though some people are bad, there are always good people that will do the right thing no matter what. I feel that Atticus Finch would be a good role model for the monster. Atticus would represent all the good in humanity. The monster also read The Sorrows of Young Werther. This is a sad book about a man who is love with a married woman. In the end of the book, the main character commits suicide. I feel that this book contributed to a generally negative attitude of the monster. Also, in the end of Frankenstein, the monster sets out to kill himself. I feel that the monster would not have een as likely to do this if the main character of the book he read hadn’t done this. I would replace this book with Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare. Even though Romeo and Juliet has a sad ending too, I feel that it would have put more hope into the monster than what he did read because in the end of Romeo and Juliet, they both die, leaving no one (besides their families) grieving. Also, in the end of Romeo and Juliet, they end up together in that they both die and presumably go to Heaven. I feel this would have made the monster more optimistic than a story where a broken hearted man kills himself and everyone else goes on living their lives. The other book read by the monster is Plutarch’s Lives. This book is a compilation of biographies about ancient people. The monster says that this book taught him â€Å"high thoughts. † The monster seems to speak highly of this book and it taught him a lot. But he also says that much of what he read was above his head and he didn’t understand it. Therefore I would substitute Canterbury Tales instead. This book would be more relatable seeing as though the stories in Canterbury Tales are those of everyday people not ancient nobles and aristocrats. By substituting these books instead of the ones he did read, I feel that the monster would have a better outlook on society. Also, I feel that this would cause him to fit in society better which may make his life easier and he may make better decisions than what he did. How to cite Bibliotherapy for Frankenstein’s Monster, Papers

Common Criticisms of Marketing

Question: List and discuss three common criticisms of marketing. For each criticism, state how you, as a marketer, might respond to the criticism. Answer: Marketing can be designated as set of strategically determined policies, which a marketer uses to maintain a gratifying relationship with the clients that result in value for both the consumer and the marketer (Buchholtz and Carroll 2012). However, even the strategy of marketing is being recognized as a benefitting instrument for ensuring the profit making and client satisfaction, it frequently faces a number of criticisms. The three common criticism of the marketing strategy can be discussed as followed: The most frequent criticism regarding the marketing strategy is the claim that marketing persuades the consumers to buy the products, which they actually do not need. There is a common belief that the strategy of marketing extensively concentrates on manipulating the customers to alter their needs (Rossouw and Van Vuure 2013). As a marketer, I would like to present my products in such a way that the consumers would feel to possess them from their core. My marketing strategy will concentrate on making the customers believe that it is their basic need to obtain my product. It is often being claimed that the marketing embellishes the product claim. The marketers are often accused of making product claims, which are not real. However, here, as a marketer, I will focus on advertising to aim strictly on my target market. My product will consist of manuals with the clear mention of the product description. No embellishment will be followed during the advertisement. The marketing strategy helps in increasing the environmental waste. This can be described as the loudest and most recent criticism that the marketing strategy is facing today. As discussed by Buchholtz and Carroll 2012, for the promotion and gaining customer popularity the marketers often use non bio- degradable packaging and wasteful methods of promotion. They also use the resource consuming product etc. However, as a marketer I will address this with the idea of green marketing (Rossouw and Van Vuure 2013). I will follow the strategy, which will be environment friendly. In my promotional strategy, I will support clients to become extra careful to the environmental issues. I will follow an environment friendly production method. Thus, I will try to respond to the criticism regarding the marketing strategies and make use of them to increase my market share. References: Buchholtz, A.K. and Carroll, A.B., 2012.Business society: Ethics stakeholder management. South-Western Cengage Learning. Rossouw, D. and Van Vuuren, L., 2013.Business ethics. Oxford University Press.

The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella Essay Example

The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella Essay In Marl Attars An Introduction To Fairy Tales, the principle in her essay that I chose to analyze the story through Is Fairy tales are up close and personal, telling us about he quest for romance and riches, for power and privilege, and, most important, for a way out of the woods back to the safety and security of home (Attar 230). Some of the characters in Cinderella wanted romance, power, riches, or maybe even all three. Some were successful in their quests, and some were not. I will analyze Cinderella in terms of how each of the characters go about gaining their own personal desires. First of all. I will start out with the quests the step-sisters went on for romance and riches. One instance of them on a quest for riches was at the end of the story when hey went to Cinderella wedding to get on her good side. The story states that they were there to share her good fortune (Grimm 245). However, because they were there only to become rich and not because they really cared about Cinderella, the pigeons gave them their karma. We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Quest for Romance, Riches, and Power in Cinderella specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They pecked their eyes out which blinded them, for being deceptive and wicked people. This Is a good example of a quest for riches because this a failed attempt to gain one of their desires. They tried to gain fortune but instead got what they truly deserved which was blindness. In addition to that, the step-sisters also made another quest to gain riches. Because they desperately wanted to be wed to the prince, they cut off parts of their feet to fit In the slipper. I found that this was not only an attempt to gain riches, but also romance. Obviously if you marry a prince you are going to gain fortune. Throughout the story there are multiple times where you can tell that the step-sisters are basically gold- diggers. For example, at the beginning of the story you begin to see that they are very materialistic when they ask their father to bring them pearls, Jewels, and beautiful dresses (241). I think that supports my claim that this Is a quest for riches cause they are described as vile and black of heart (241 If someone Is really of that nature then there is no room for love in their lives. With that being said, I can assume that the step-sisters only wanted to marry him for his fortune. Looking at this in another perspective, it is also a quest for romance. The step- the slipper. It is really astonishing that they literally went to the extent of enduring the pain of cutting off parts of their feet Just to get married. Perhaps they may not have done it for real love, and they may have only wanted to marry him for the wrong reasons UT by giving them the benefit of the doubt this is definitely an example of a quest for romance. Looking at it from a personal view, I would assume that if you go as far as chopping off body parts to marry someone, you must truly love and want to be with that person. In addition, the step-sisters cutting off parts of their feet in order to fit the slipper can also be seen as a quest for power. However, instead of it being the step-sisters quest, it is actually the stepmothers. I mentioned earlier that obviously when you marry a prince, you are going to gain fortune, well that statement also applies to rower. In addition to gaining fortune when you marry into royalty, you also get power. In the story the stepmother is very power-hungry and controlling. In fact, she was even the one that had convinced the step-sisters to cut off parts of their feet in the first place. The stepmother handed one of them a knife and said Cut the toe off; when thou art Queen thou wilt have no more need to go on foot (244). You see, this is a quest for power because the stepmother controlled the step-sisters by making them chop off parts of their feet to fit the slipper. She made the step-sisters o this so one of them could marry the prince, which would benefit her by becoming Queen, hence giving her more power. The stepmother also had another quest of power in the story, which was successfully having control over Cinderella. She controlled her physically, making her work hard from morning till night (241), and until she was completely drained. The stepmother also had control over whether or not Cinderella could go to the festival. She only agreed to let Cinderella go if she did tasks for her that were very tedious and that could not be finished in a set amount of time. However, Cinderella proved her wrong and completed everything on time, but the stepmother still did not let her go regardless of the deal she made. This example supports my opinion that this is a quest for power because the stepmother had control over Cinderella actions. I believe that the stepmother was power-hungry and felt superior to Cinderella especially since she turned her back on her and even said to her that we would be ashamed of thee (242). She knew without a doubt that she had complete power over Cinderella too. In fact, she knew right then and there that when Cinderella begged ere to go, that no matter what, there was no way she would ever let Cinderella go to the festival. The stepmother made Cinderella do those tedious tasks not because she actually considered letting her go, but out of her own spite Just because she knew she had that much control over her, which is why it is an example of a quest of power. Unlike the step-sisters and stepmother, the Prince did not desire riches and power because he already had those; he was on a quest for romance. He was extremely persistent trying to find Cinderella because each night she kept escaping from him. Hat got one of Cinderella slippers stuck on the staircase. The next day when he set out to find the girl whose foot fit the slipper, he arrived where Cinderella resided. Both of the step-sisters were caught falsely impersonating Cinderella, which made him demand that the last remaining daughter, Cinderella, was to be sent down to try the slipper which of course fit perfectly. This is a quest for romance because the Prince stopped at nothing to find Cinderella. He strategists and went through extreme measures of searching to find his true love. He even said to his father that No one else shall be my wife but she whose foot this golden slipper fits (244). By him saying that, you can really tell how much he wanted to be with Cinderella, and that he would not settle for anyone else but her. So far I have described different quests for romance, riches, and power made by some of the characters in the story. But what about the main character herself? I actually found that Cinderella was not on a quest for any of those. I think ultimately, she really Just wanted to be accepted and to be included with her family. However, it is very ironic that even though she was not on a pursuit to gain romance, riches, or rower, she actually got all three in the end. In the beginning of the story, before the father went to the fair, he asked all of the daughters what they wanted him to bring back for them. Of course the step-sisters asked for materialistic items, but Cinderella only asked for the first branch that knocked her fathers hat off on the way home. It seems somewhat odd to ask for a tree branch out of all the things she could have gotten, but surprisingly it turned out to be more valuable than anything else. Because she planted the branch at her mothers grave and sat and cried next to it ACH day, it grew to be a great tree. By doing that, a white bird was always at the tree and every time Cinderella wished for something, the bird would throw down whatever she wished for. It was almost as if she acquired a fairy godmother, but I think it actually was her mother being her guardian angel. I believe that because when her mother was on her deathbed, she said to Cinderella: Dear child, be good and pious, and then the good God will always protect thee, and I will look down on thee from heaven and be near thee (241). By interpreting that quote, I think it is a nit saying that the little bird that was always near Cinderella was her mother being her guardian angel and taking care of her because Cinderella remained a very good person despite the fact that people were not good to her. So the seemingly worthless branch her father brought back for her actually turned out to be a huge blessing to Cinderella. If it was not for her asking for the branch, she would have never gotten her guardian angel that granted her wishes. If her wishes never got granted, she would have never acquired the beautiful dresses to wear to the festival and would have never gotten to meet the prince. It was all fate. I think the story was trying to teach a lesson here by saying that you should always be a good person and to live life the right way, because everything eventually falls into place and some of the best things in life come to you unexpectedly. In conclusion, by looking at the story in this sort of light, there is a lot more to the story than reading about a girl that lives happily ever after with her prince. It can be All of the characters were on a pursuit of romance, riches, or power, except one. But even though Cinderella did not directly go after those desires, she still got everything n the end. You see, some of the characters were very dark at heart, and because of that they did not have successful quests for what they wanted in life because they did not deserve to. The characters that were truly good people got what they wanted and even more, because they actually did deserve it. I think ultimately by looking at the story through this perspective, it changes its meaning by sending out a message that says: you should go about pursuing your dreams and desires in life the right way, because in the end you get what you truly deserve.

Ethics and the Internet Duty

Ethics and the Internet Duty Ethics and the Internet: Duty-Based Ethical Theory Essay Ethics and the Internet Duty- based ethical theory (Deontology) Introduction Duty-based ethical theory is also called deontology. Deon means duty or obligation in Greek word. German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) wrote a critique of pure reason in 1781. He believed that there are higher principles that are good in every time, everywhere and in very situation. According to him, morality must be based on duties obligation that humans have to one another. So morality has nothing to do with promotion of happiness. He followed two distinct principles, one is we have a rational nature that distinguishes us from animals and other is human being are ends in themselves not means to end. At the time of an ethical dilemma, we should ask ourselves that, "to whom do I owe duty and what duty do I owe them". Kant deontology has often been associated with what is called the good will. He believed that if we all human being followed his categorical imperative; we would have genuinely moral people. In 1930, Ross argues that when two or more moral duties clash, we have to look at individual situation to see which duty is overriding, that also depend upon individuals circumstance. He also provides a list of prime duties such as honesty, benevolence and justice etc. In today's context, The Internet and other communication technologies have created unprecedented opportunities to share information, opening up paths for pro-democracy groups, activists, journalists and individuals around the world to organize, and hold their governments accountable. But new technological tools are vulnerable to exploitation by governments aiming to crush dissent and deny human rights. All governments struggle to balance a need to deal with serious issues such as security, hate speech, and child safety for their citizens but in repressive societies, these concerns often serve as convenient pretext to engage in censorship or surveillance of the Internet that violates the rights and privacy of users and threatens the free flow of information. humanrightsfirst.org/our-work/business-and-human-rights/internet-freedom-and-privacy/ Filtering the Internet to stop potentially harmful or illegal material from reaching the general population is a controversial subject, and one that has received considerable attention this year after the UK appeared to be edging ever closer to implementing such a scheme.Other countries have been considering filtering Internet content too, and it so happens that today, Australia has decided not to go ahead with a mandatory filter, while Egypt has done the complete opposite.We’ll start in Australia, where an all-encompassing Internet filter was put forward in 2007, but the plan stagnated for several years. Today, Australia’s Communications Minister has announced the government will no longer pursue its â€Å"mandatory filtering legislation,† but will instead use a list created by Interpol to block the worst offenders.According to The Sydney Morning Herald, the major Internet providers have agreed to this, and it will see 90-percent of Internet subscribers without access to those sites featured by Interpol. Initially, the mandatory filter would have blocked sites with illegal sexual practices, sexual viol ence, drug use and those which â€Å"advocated terrorist activity.† The communications regulator would have also populated the list with sites

Cause and Effect Essay

Cause and Effect Essay Cause and effect essay writing gives reasons and explanations for events, conditions, or behavior. Cause and effect essay is a type of essays that centers on why things occur (causes) and the outcomes of the happenings (effects). Cause-and-effect writing gives reasons and explanations for events, conditions, or behavior. It answers the need most of us have to understand the world around us. If you are looking for cause and effect essay examples here is a great one CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY EXAMPLE: GREAT DEPRESSION Cause and effect essays are popular ways of helping students understand the relationship between various events. They’re extremely popular in history classes, although students are certainly going to encounter them in English and writing classes as well. English and writing classes are often geared towards helping students be better at critical thinking in general, and cause and effect essays can serve as excellent critical thinking exercises in general. Cause and effect essays are starting to become more popular than the five-paragraph essays that many people have had to learn over the years, for various reasons. The traditional five paragraph essay format is highly formulaic. It doesn’t truly prepare students for the sort of advanced writing skills that they are really going to need. It encourages people to write in a manner that is highly artificial. In many cases, students do not provide enough evidence for their points. The cause and effect essay is much better when it comes to promoting critical thinking skills in the minds of students, which has helped make it the new star of academic writing today. CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY OUTLINE Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Often times, a cause and effect essay is going to involve people selecting an event that had a given list of defined consequences. Certain events are going to make for richer essays than others. The cause and effect relationship between the events and the consequences needs to be strong enough, or the essay is going to feel unfocused and vague. One popular example of an event to write about in a cause and effect essay in classrooms in the United States is the American Civil War. Students will then list the causes of the American Civil War when they are in the planning stages of the cause and effect essay. From there, they will formulate thesis statements and build the rest of their essays. Another popular essay topic for students who can write about more recent history might be the crime wave that lasted between 1975 and 1995. Students might look at what caused this crime wave. They also might look at what eventually led to the end of the crime wave. This sort of cause and effect relationship is ripe for analysis, especially since there are a lot of specific trends that have helped mark the beginning and end of the infamous period in late-twentieth-century American history. A student might say: the late-twentieth century crime wave ended as a result of improved forensic techniques, improved social welfare programs, increases in surveillance, and increased awareness. With regards to the Civil War, and student might say: the Civil War was caused by increasing tensions between the Northern and Southern regions of the United States and the South’s desire to expand slavery throughout the country, as well as the South’s fear that slavery would eventually be eliminated if the spread was curtailed. Compose a  thesis statement  that clearly states your topic. Because cause-and-effect essays need a readily identifiable structure, you will almost always write the essay in chronological order. Sometimes, however, you will use reverse chronological order. For example, you might begin with an effect or a series of effects and trace them back to their original cause. Whatever organization you use, write paragraphs with strong, clear topic sentences and relevant supporting details.  The thesis statement for an essay that was about the American Civil War could be more general, with something along the lines of two halves of a nation that have very different economies and ideas of how to run a society are going to face strong conflicts with one another. A student would then go into detail about how the conflicts between the North and the South had been brewing for a long time before the Civil War finally erupted, and the Civil War was the culmination of all of those tensions. Diffe rent pieces of evidence are going to belong in the cause section, and different pieces of evidence are going to belong in the effects section. Naturally, it is also important to illustrate the effects in question. The American Civil War was so substantial in terms of its consequences for the American people that some of the effects are still being felt today since the South never truly reconstructed and both halves of the United States still face political conflicts with one another to this day. The reader should walk away with that impression, at least after reading the effects section and the section of the essay that describes the cause and effect relationship. HOW TO WRITE A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY Cause and Effect Essay Writing Tips TIP 1. People who are having a hard time identifying a clear consequence of the given events should choose a new topic, if possible. There are lots of examples out there, and no one needs to waste any time trying to argue in favor of a point that is going to be too difficult to properly state in an essay that is really about logical understanding more than anything else. TIP 2. It is a good idea to have at least two or three pieces of evidence in support of why a given effect logically followed from the cause in question. The entire essay should not hinge on a few data points. TIP 3. Smooth transitions between paragraphs are just as important in cause and effect essays as they are in five paragraph essays, even though the ideas between them are not going to be anywhere near as clear cut. TIP 4. There are no hard and solid rules on the length of cause and effect essays, which is not the case with the five-paragraph essays that people will either love or loathe. Those essays will usually have to be one page long. Unless there are any specific requirements, cause and effect essays can be a couple of pages long or longer than that, and they are still going to be just as good. TIP 5. It is important not to include a lot of meandering details in cause and effect essays that do not specifically relate to the point or reinforce the point. Cause and effect essays can be longer than five-paragraph essays, but they are not the sorts of essays that are going to need filler content. Being clear and straightforward is going to matter more. The details are going to need to relate to reinforcing the cause and effect relationship that is at the heart of the cause and effect essay. 50 WINNING CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY TOPICS Signal Words in Cause-and-Effect Writing Cause and Effect as a result because consequently due to ifthen leads to therefore thus Degrees of Certainty certainly may necessarily perhaps possibly probably undoubtedly unquestionably Levels of Importance above all equally important finally first initially last primarily second We have successfully completed hundreds of cause and effect essays and know how to craft a superb paper. Achieve great academic success   order an essay  at !

Prevention of medication errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prevention of medication errors - Essay Example Sources of error in the work environment like interruptions should be reduced. The program of quality improvement should be ongoing and systematic. It should be peer reviewed for safe medication use. Areas of responsibility and lines of authority in the hospital should be properly defined to order, administer, and dispense medication. Prescribers should be updated on the current state of knowledge to be able to determine the suitable drug therapy. Prescribers should evaluate the total status of the patient before prescribing further medications to determine appropriate drug interactions. Prescribers should avoid giving such vague directions as â€Å"take as directed† as particular instructions facilitate differentiation in the drugs. Prescribers should demonstrate exact strengths of dosage instead of specifying dosage form units. Pharmacists should personally provide nurses and prescribers with information regarding appropriate use of medications and therapeutic drug regiments. Pharmacists should not guess the confusing medication orders’ intent. The work area where drugs are prepared should be kept clean and ordered. Pharmacists should preview the design and content of the forms of preprinted medication order, and maintain records to identify the recipients of erroneous products. Clinical nurses’ educators should inculcate all the required skills in the students to help them deter all types of errors while prescribing medication (Warburton, 2010). Nurses practicing in the organized settings of health-care should be well-versed with the ordering of medication and the use of system. Identity of patients should be verified before the prescribed dose is administered. Personnel using the devices of medication administration should fully comprehend the possible causes of error and faults in operation. The patient-nurse ratio should be increased in each shift (Kim et al., 2011). Patients should not hide

Representation of the femme fatal in sci-fi films, how has the femme Dissertation

Representation of the femme fatal in sci-fi films, how has the femme fatale changed from the 20th centaury to the 21st centaury - Dissertation Example But from literature, the femme fatale has inevitable seeped into other forms of art as well. In film, for instance, the role of the femme fatale has become a recognizable trope in certain genres, even inviting variations like spoofs or parodies of it. In film, the genre of film noir has generally monopolized or been associated traditionally with the use of the femme fatale. Film noir makes room for two kinds of female archetypes: the sweet, dutiful, loving and reliable women and the deceitful, mysterious, subversive and manipulative femmes fatales (Dirks, ‘Femme Fatale’, n.d.). An instance of a film where one finds both kinds is Double Indemnity (1944), where Phyllis Dietrichson, the homicidal wife who feigns interest in and plots with the insurance agent to kill her husband is the typical femme fatale while her step-daughter Lola Dietrichson, loving, honest and helpless, represents the only other type of woman that film noir allows for. The appearance and function of th e femme fatale in films has evolved over the years, and film noir is no longer the genre that monopolizes the use of this figure. Science-fiction films have also been repeatedly invoking the figure of the femme fatale over the years to complement their other thematic concerns. How, why and where this use of the femme fatale has taken place will be evaluated in the course of this paper. What evolving roles has the femme fatale been invoked to perform; what common patterns and departures from such patterns have occurred in their representation; what universal concerns, if any, has the femme fatale stood for: these are a few of the questions which this paper will seek to answer. The femme fatale must first be defined for us to be able to identify her in different works of art. There are certain characteristics that are popularly recognized as being typical of the femme fatale. Tim Dirks’s description of femmes fatales as ‘mysterious, duplicitous, subversive, double-crossin g, gorgeous, unloving, predatory, tough-sweet, unreliable, irresponsible, manipulative and desperate women (‘Femme Fatale’, n.d.)’ puts in place some of these commonly accepted associations of the femme fatale. However, there is no real consensus among either critics or moviegoers of what exactly defines the femme fatale. The term is flexible and allows for a wide range of interpretations. There can be elements of the femme fatale in some characters that do not otherwise wholly conform to the stereotype and vice versa. To begin our exploration into the role of femmes fatales in science fiction films over the years it is instructive to first attempt providing an introduction to, if not a definition of, the femme fatale through the eyes of various critics and scholars over time. This attempt at defining femme fatale has been a long ongoing process in film studies, and not often with much success. There are often inherent obstacles in the act of defining itself. As critic Linda Ruth Williams declares that though most critics try to provide a ‘psychoanalytic or socially informed’ analysis of the femme fatale, what happens more often than not is succumbing to the impulse to ‘

Person and Specific Personality Essay Example for Free

Person and Specific Personality Essay 1. What does the mask symbolize? The mask is a person or personality that is seen by people who can only see that type of person or that specific personality w/in that individual. 2. Could this poem apply to other people who are not African-American? Explain your answer. Yes because, there are people who go about their business and there are those who like to provide emotional devastation to others around the whole world. And the mask gives the person, whose metaphorically wearing the mask, the identity of a particular type of individual that the critics and haters see them as. Because I Could Not Stop For Death- Analyzing Details 3. What kind of person is Death? How does the poet characterize him? He is patient and nonchalant about his duty. As if Death was a kind thing. 4. What does the house in stanza #5 symbolize? I think it symbolizes a cemetery. 5. Readers often have different opinions about the final stanza of the poem. Some believe it holds a tone of terror, while others think it expresses confidence and acceptance. What do you think? Explain your answer. I believe it’s a spiritual energy given off by the â€Å"House†, and I would also have to agree that it is an expression of acceptance. As I was reading my mind would shuffle through what it could possibly mean, with each line this happened and so I read it a second time and then understood what message was trying to be conveyed.

Human Resources and Competitive Performance :: Business HR

The Human Resources department contributes to an organization’s competitive performance through: recruitment and selection, globalization and technology. Recruitment and Selection An organization's success depends on the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its employees, particularly as they help establish competencies which distinguishes one organization from its competitors and other organizations. When an organization has employees with talents that are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate an organization can achieve a continued competitive advantage. In order to "compete through people", an organization has to be able to do a good job of managing their human capital: the knowledge, skills, and capabilities that add value to the organizations (Mathis and Jackson, 2003). Human Resources and Managers must work together to develop strategies for identifying, recruiting, and hiring the best talent available. Through recruiting and selecting the best talent organizations are able to have higher productivity and compete and the highest levels. Human Resources can ensure that organizations have a competitive advantage by selecting the right employee for the rig ht job. Globalization The second way human resources can create a competitive advantage for an organization is through globalization. The environment in which businesses compete is rapidly becoming globalized. More organizations are entering international markets by exporting their products overseas, building plants in other countries, and entering into alliances with foreign companies (Mathis & Jackson, 2003). Companies are trying to gain a competitive advantage, through international expansion. Deciding whether to enter foreign markets and whether to develop plants or other facilities in other countries is no simple matter and many human resource issues surface. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright, 534). If human resources manages the issues that the organization is faced with when globalizing and provides the best services for the issues, it can increase the competitive performance among employees. Doing business globally requires adapting to many different cultures, and political systems, HR can p rovide diversity training, to cover the cultural issues and political affairs. If an organization has a reputation for being more diverse and understanding of various cultures and knowledge of various political systems they are competing at higher levels. Technology Technology is a leading factor in completive organizations, because it is so prominent today. Technology is the third way HR can create a competitive advantage for an organization. By creating a technology friendly HR where employees can access all information at any time in a timely manner.

Examples of Research Proposal on Physical Activity and Environmental Perception Essay

Background and Rationale Gender is an important confounder in the epidemiology of physical activity, where men are more physically active than women (Aadahl, Kjaer & Jorgensen, 2007; Azevedo et.al., 2007). Within sport research, the focus on race and religiosity from a social science perspective has for a long time been a marginal research area. The early research on race and sport has been criticised for being ethnocentric (Fleming 1994) with stereotypes like ‘Arabic countries are not interested in sports’ or ‘Muslim girls are constrained by their parents from participating’ and that ‘the level of physical activity among Muslim women is low outside and inside their home’. These need further groundwork examination to determine its accuracy. Researchers have explained the low level of participation of women of Asian and North African origin in sports in Europe as a result of both religious and cultural barriers as well as racism and discrimination within sports organisat ions. For example, it is often argued that Muslim immigrant girls face gender-specific barriers that limit their leisure-time activities, such as household responsibilities. Racism as an explanation for the low level of involvement is currently widely accepted among researchers (Carrington and McDonald 2001). Lovell (1991) found that Asian women are often given less attention and discriminated against in physical education because of teachers’ ideas of Asian girls as passive and frail and therefore not interested in sports. Sport participation has scientifically been proven to provide these benefits: lower risk of getting heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes, lower high blood pressure, reduced anxiety and depression and improved mood. It also helps cope with stress and control weight, provides more energy, promotes better sleep and overall appearance (Moore, 2007). The Purpose of the Study This research aims to identify the kinds and level of physical activity that Bruneian university students do on their daily routine and association of environmental perception from developing country (Brunei) and developed country (United Kingdom). The study will look into the physical activity engagement of the target group within a period of 7 days. Research Question: 1. Are the gender differences in physical activity among Bruneian University students studying in the United Kingdom? 2. Are there differences in perception of the environment between male and female among Bruneian university students in the United Kingdom? Procedures and Protocols This research will be using quantitative methods of data gathering in the form of a survey. Snowball sampling will be used in this research. Approximately 150 Bruneian University students are expected to participate in the survey, consisting of 50% males and 50% females. All Bruneian students must be study in the United Kingdom for at least one year of academic year or two terms (2010/2011). The participants will be volunteers and the age range is from 18 to 59 years old. The participants will be recruited if they show interest in an email sent out from a social networking service (Facebook). The participants will be examined based on their time spent (moderate to vigorous activity) being physically active in the last 7 days, with the data examined through transcription and content analysis as well as environmental perception. Survey Questionnaires This study will use various self-administered survey questionnaires that are designed to determine the kinds of daily physical activity that Bruneian University students engage in as part of their daily routine, especially within a period 7 days. This study will look into the time spent by respondents sitting as an indicator of sedentary behaviour. In each of the four domains, the number of days per week and time per day spent in both moderate and vigorous activity will be recorded. There are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify respondents – ‘low’, ’moderate’, and ‘high’. Another set of questionnaire will be focus on their environmental perception on the environmental factor from Brunei to United Kingdom. The data needed will be derived from direct surveys, opinion or Internet surveys and literature review Data Analysis Methods The physical activity data from the questionnaire will be transformed into energy expenditure estimates as MET. To calculate the weekly physical  activity (MET-h week-1), the number of hours dedicated to each activity class will be multiplied by the speciï ¬ c-MET score for that activity and statistically analysed. This will be used to find significant relationships between and among the data gathered. The data will be analyzed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS). The correlation between physical activity level and environmental perception will be analyzed. Likely Value of Results The results will show us the continuous measure of physical activity and will be reported as median MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within the time period surveyed. Total scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) to provide an aggregate summary of the data. The result of this study can be use as an intervention for Bruneian students that study in UK or any other country in order to improve their health and physical activity. References: Carrington B, and McDonald, I (2001).â€Å"Race,† sport and British society. London. Fleming, S. (1994). Sport and South Asian youth: the perils of ‘false universalism’ and stereotyping. Leisure Studies 13(3), pp. 159–177. Moore, K. (2004). Muslim Women Athletes Move Ahead, But Don’t Leave Faith Behind. Physical Activity. Lovel. T (1991), Sport, racism and young women, in G. Jarvie (ed.), Sport, racism and ethnicity, London 58–73. Aadahl M, Kjaer M, Jorgensen T. (2007) Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil ; 14: 660-5. Azevedo MR, Araujo CL, Reichert FF, Siqueira FV, da Silva MC, Hallal PC. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time and physical activity. International Journal of Public Health; 52: 8-15.

Kfc strategic brand managemnt Essay

The fast food industry in Malaysia is saturated with players such as McDonalds, KFC, Wendy’s, Chili’s, Nandos and the like. The industry is relatively large in terms of the participating brands in fast food business. Fast food business is categorised according to the food served as well as their facilities and locations. There are restaurants selling specifically burgers, pizzas or only chicken, Mexican cuisine and many others. According the location, some restaurants are drive-ins whereas others provide in house catering as well as off premises catering.The market of the fast food business is stratified, but all in all inclusive of all groups of the society. As observed in many restaurants, they provide meals even for children, hence allowing all ages to enjoy their meals from the restaurants. Fast food business enjoys a high level of prominence in Malaysia as the trend of home cooking is currently on the fade, and the intertwinement of a busy life, promotes the fast foods as the reliable and available sources of food during breakfast, lunch and dinners. Moreover, the eating habits of Malaysians give a good breeding ground for the fast food industry to flourish as people are fond of food and eateries have become places where business deals are concluded as well as assignments completed, for instance Starbucks. As per this year, it is projected that the sales of this industry will jump up according with the increase of tourism as it is the proclaimed year of tourism; this will eventually see, the increment in revenues collected by the fast food restaurants as the tourists will add up to the current population in Malaysia. 1.2COMPANY OVERV IEW This study focuses on the brand of KFC or otherwise as known as Kentucky Fried Chicken. This is an international brand that hosts a large number of franchisees all over the world. KFC started in USA, and slowly infiltrated the rest of the world with its premier tasting chicken. In Malaysia, this brand started its operations in 1973; it has sustained a healthy growth over the years with many outlets being opened all around. With the introduction of ‘Meals on Wheels’, customers are able to be delivered food upon orders made through the internet or by the phone. The fast food business is very competitive as there is a stiff competition in securing market. The plenty number of fast food makes the competition even higher and harder, moreover,  it is not easy for newer businesses to penetrate especially if such a business does not do so with innovation. KFC has enjoyed recognition and surely it is a major brand. However with all the fame, KFC struggles with loyalty from customers. Customer loyalty is the tendency of customers having a strong purchase relationship with the business. Loyal customers are those who maintain purchases with the particular brand regardless of any changes. Customer loyalty can be expresses in two ways; either as a behaviour or the number of times that a customer comes back to purchase from the same brand. The increase of competition may be attributed as one of the causes that lead the decrease of loyalty. This is because the market is flooded with any options which a customer may be able to choose from. Moreover, innovative strategies and more value added service to purchases tend to decrease loyalty. The perception of service value is an important factor that builds or destroys loyalty. It has been an area where many brands have been concentrating on in order to keep in phase with the on-going competition. KFC has attempted to revise its menu and incorporate new stuff that will make its brand more adorable to customers. Initially, KFC has been centred on its 11 spiced recipe of chicken. The core product I KFC is its fried chicken; over time, the brand has added burgers, pokkits, rice and potatoes to its menu so as to improve the menu by diversifying what they offer. 1.3BRAND A brand is termed as an identification of a particular product or service that is specifically different from other product. The study of brand equity and its management produces loyalty from customers that is highly associated with satisfaction. Brand equity that takes a customer centered approach enables the easy creation and maintenance of loyalty. Brand equity, as explained by Keller consists of brand salience, performance, imagery, judgement, feeling and brand resonance. Keller portrayed the composition of brand equity in a form of a pyramid where brand salience forms the base and brand resonance is at the apex of the pyramid. 1.4SALIENCE This is at the base of the pyramid, and in fact it is the foundation of a brand. This depicts the extent that a customer considers your brand during purchase. It deals with the situation whether your brand is recognisable or  even well thought of by customers. for the success of any brand, there is a need of having a strong salience amongst customers, as this wil affect the chances of your brand being sold or even adored by customers. KFC fares reasonably well with salience, as its products carry much recognition as well as they is generally accepted by the market. This is evident by the fact the chicken meals served there as it is distinguished for only selling amazingly tasting chicken. Brand salience consists of brand awareness and brand associations. Brand awareness is defined as the extent to which a product is recognised and recalled. Brand associations are the connotations that surround the product. As explained above, salience forms the base of brand management that eventua lly leads to loyalty and satisfaction. If at all a company lacks or has minimal salience, it is highly likely that it shall face much challenges to sustain its existence. 1.5PERFORMANCE Performance is on the second tier of the brand equity pyramid. After the establishment of the brand identity in the salient base of the pyramid, next is the performance and imagery. To further mark a distinction of a product from another, there is a need to highlight or show how the product performs, albeit its functions or in what way does it satisfy the need and desires of customers. Brand performance highlights its relevancy, value and service of the product. In terms of KFC, the performance is at the capacity of a meals restaurant where each meal is value added to allow the customers to enjoy partaking their meals. However, in the performance of the service, many flaws are identified in KFC that may amount to the decline in loyalty. Apart from the rich flavours of the food as expected, the service given is usually below expectation. There are usually long queues in the outlets as well as the level of tideness and cleanliness is a debatable issue. These factors give a low percepti on of the service given, hence a potential obstacle to customer loyalty. 1.6IMAGERY This term encompasses the image and personality of a brand. The image of the brand is what the brand projects or portrays to the customers whereas brand personality reflect on the values and visions that a product embraces. Actually, brand imagery is all about the definition of a brand. This is important as it describes the features and peculiarities tat are unique to  the brand alone. KFC attempts to project itself as a restaurant where a family can always have reliable means. On top of that, it has identified itself to be selling halal food; of which it is an added advantage with regards with the high number of population in the country consuming only halal foods. More so, it has identified itself as children-friendly by providing kiddies meal as well as areas where kids can host their birthday parties. In general, I has established itself to be a casual dining area where individuals can enjoy their meals in a relaxed manner. 1.7JUDGEMENTS These refer to the some of the responses from customers towards the products. This covers judgements in terms of action as well as spoken word on the product. Furtherly, judgements of the brand acts as a feedback mechanism to the brand by showing whether the customers as the sole market for the product are by any chance impressed with the products. KFC has been able to gather positive comments over te quality of service and the items on the menu, but there has been a slump in the feedback that has been received. Customers judge it as being an innovative compared to the other restaurants. This has pushed KFC to revise its menu items and introduce some tangible changes to the products, for instance the introduction of Zinger burger Reloaded, and in a bid to diversify their menu items, the introduction of more fish based meals in the menu. 1.8FEELINGS Feelings towards the brand work hand in hand with the judgements over the brand. This is more likely the satisfaction meter of a product amidst its customers. It addresses the potential feelings that are harboured by the customers to the product and the service altogether. The issue is whether it makes the customers feel all the positive feelings and emotions towards it. KFC is positively thought of by many customers as the meal is quite special in a way. Together with the corporate social responsibility program it has embarked on; the one of building homes for the homeless, the society does not repel it as it is a positive act. In addition to that, the number of employment it creates, alone, allows people to develop a positive outlook to it. 1.9RESONANCE Brand resonance is at the topmost part of the pyramid. It reflects the  relationship between the product and the customer. It expresses the level of attachment that a customer has to the product. More so, it points out the level of engagement the product yields on a customer. Brand resonance is measured in terms of its activity and intensity. The depth and extent of this engagement between the product and the customer result as the product of the salience, performance as well as the judgement and feelings bore by the customers to the brand. KFC seeks to maintain a high level of attachment of customers. However, it should be noted that, loyalty has a foundation in keeping the customers satisfied. The approval of the customer, in terms of the feedback from the customers help in the building of better channels where loyalty is groomed. 10.0RECOMMENDATIONS IMPROVEMENTS IN THE QUALITY OF SERVICE OFFERED. There is always room for improvement in terms of the services rendered by the company. The reluctance to improvements is costly. This is evident from the fact that retaining a customer is less costly compared to the conversion and recruiting new customers. With such knowledge, it is essential that operational activities are constantly under review as well as scrutinised for their performance. The review of feedback is necessary as it generally maps out the perception of the service by customers. Such improvements can be in the form of fast service provision as well as more levels of hygiene in the outlets. TRAINING OF STAFF in order to increase the responsive nature of the brand, there is a need to continuously train the staff of the company so that the product and services offered are distinguished from their high levels of credibility and performance; this is interpreted as good perception of the brand by the customers. KFC should implement the time to time checks and training to the employees to make sure the customers are attended to with utmost importance. BRAND MARKETING To improve on the loyalty of customers, it is suggested to reinforce the  marketing strategies undertaken by the company. Market strategies are based on the 4 Ps are Product, Price, Product and Promotion. An effective marketing mix will enable the brand to be positioned in an advantageous place. For the case of KFC, the brand manager may opt on placing more promotions and refining the product in order to better suit the wants of the customers. the marketing of the brand should aim at establishing satisfaction on the side of the customers so that loyalty can be promoted. INTRODUCTION OF DISCOUNT CARDS This suggestion directs to the introduction of cards or coupons that will offer discount upon purchase of the products. It may be a way of marketing, but it actually serves both purposes; marketing and loyalty in customers. These cards or coupon act like a link between the customers and the brand since the customers may view it as more economical sound to utilise the coupons or cards to purchase the same brand. In other sense, these cards give a sense of relation, making it fussy for customers to switch brands as they will consider this as the switching cost. FOCUS ON A REPEAT BUSINESS With the market competition set so high, it is crucial for a brand that seeks to maintain customer loyalty to gear the operational philosophy towards generating an atmosphere that encourage repeated purchases. The brand manager should focus every aspect of the brand to achieve this goal. This will help to maintain loyalty in customers as repeated transactions are highly encouraged. This can be in the form of giveaways, or free products when a certain number of purchases re made. For instance, KFC may offer free meal on the fifth visit to the restaurant. This helps in locking the customers in the restaurant. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT There is a need of assessment of the performance of the outlets in order to be able to raise the bar of standards higher, keeping in mind that satisfaction is key to customer loyalty. This assessment can be carried out by considering the comments of the customers s well as by assessing whether the key performance indicators are achieved in due time and thoroughly. In the scene of KFC, this is possible through the crosscheck and assessment of the outlets by putting a comments box where customers are free to leave comments with regards to the service they got. TEAMING UP WITH TRENDS The society at present is flooded with trends. This can be in the form of personalities, games or even movies. The teaming up with whatever is trending in the society puts the brand in a position where it hammers a competitive advantage over the market. For instance, McDonald’s is assured with loyalty from customers by the contract it as with te upcoming FIFA World Cup. KFC should follow suit with the sponsoring of a great event, and thus, it will also secure a great deal of allegiance from customers. CONCLUSION Customer loyalty is an advantage for a business because of two main things. First, loyalty asures increased revenues and sales and secondly, loyalty gives a prestigious feeling. Any flourishing business desires to be known by the population as well as attaining profits from the service rendered. KFC is a brand that is mature in the market hence, it has experienced times and times of revenues, however loyalty is slumping. The time is right for KFC to re-invent itself, not only on what meals they sell, but a wole change that will rejuvenate the business. This sort of changes aims to be innovative and strategic, and will target the operations of KFC as a brand. KFC should strive to have the competitiveness that is market wothy. References Garvin,D(1988),Managing quality: the strategic and competitive edge, Free Press, New York. Jacoby, J. & Chestnut, RW (1978), Brand Loyalty: Measurement and Management, John Wiley, New York. Loverlock, C. & Wirtz, J. (2004), Service Marketing, 5th edition, Pearson Education International, New York. Boulding, W. et al., (1993), â€Å"A dynamic process model of service quality: form expectations to behavioral intentions†, Journal of Marketing Research, Dyer, W., (2003) The Family: The Missing Variable in Organizational Research, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 27(4). Australian Oxford Dictionary, (2004), available at http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195517965.001.0001/m-en_au-msdict-00001-0051392 accessed on 12 April 2014 Huse, M. (2000) Boards of Directors in SMEs: A Review and Research Agenda, Entrepreneurship & Regional

15 Amateur Mistakes You Can Make During Your Internship

15 Amateur Mistakes You Can Make During Your Internship You’ve scored a summer internship. It feels like a vacation! You’ll be in a cool place, it will look good on your resume, and you’re not getting paid, so you don’t have to worry too much about being perfect and distinguishing yourself. Right? Wrong. At least the last point. Just because it’s only an internship doesn’t mean you shouldn’t treat it like a job. In fact, you should use this time to set the bar for your new professional life- and set it high. That means not falling victim to some easy blunders. Here are the 15 biggest mistakes interns can make- and how to avoid them.1. OversharingYou may think this one part of your personality is super interesting and funny. Or your intense obsession with your [insert hobby]. But these topics are much better kept to your friends and relatives. Spare your employers and co-interns.2. ComplainingYour internship is not the time to air your complaints and grievances. It is a time to shut up and l earn. Remember, you won’t be there long, and the good impression you make here could pay off big time over the course of your career. Whatever gripes you have,  hold on to them(if possible). Don’t become a problem employee before you’re even hired.3. Making assumptionsIf you don’t know something- make sure to ask. The last thing you want to do is assume (makes a** of ‘u’ and ‘me’) you know what to do and end up doing the wrong thing. You won’t look like an idiot for asking. You will look like an idiot for not asking and then screwing up.4. Not being proactiveNot taking initiative might be the worst mistake that you could make. As an intern, your only job is to distinguish yourself as eager and proactive and as a future asset to that company/field. Act accordingly. Don’t just wait for someone to give you a task- find something useful to do without being asked or coached.5. Treating the office like your placeOnce yo u leave the office for the day, don’t go back. Don’t show up drunk, and don’t sleep there. This shouldn’t have to be said; just never do it.6. Ignoring boundariesRudeness is never okay. No job is beneath you. You are an intern. You don’t get to make chummy jokes with the CEO, no matter how nice she is. Know your place. Be respectful. Do your job. And leave your ego at the door.7. Cutting and runningIf you’ve accepted an internship, shown up, and started working. You’re now stuck there. This isn’t speed dating. Keep your commitments. And don’t make anyone have to scramble to replace you when you leave them high and dry. Burning bridges is not something you can afford to do at this very early stage in your career.8. Working for freeOnly take an unpaid internship if you absolutely have to. Otherwise, you’ll end up feeling exploited- or worse, going into debt to feed, house, and insure yourself.9. Wearing inappropriat e clothingDress for the career you want, not the job you have. T-shirts and scrappy clothes just won’t cut it–no matter how casual the office. Make sure to act like a grown-up if you want to be treated (and paid) like one.10. Communicating poorlyMake sure to say what needs to be said at the right time. Answer emails in clear and punctual fashion. Communicate your needs to avoid being misunderstood- especially when asking for favors. Be respectful and concise. And don’t talk circles around your point, particularly if it’s a controversial one.11. Not sweating the small stuffGrammar, punctuation, formatting†¦ these things matter. And make sure you never misspell someone’s name. Take the extra three seconds to double check the spelling from their email address.12. VacationingAt most, your internship is four months. Don’t try and take a two-week vacation. You don’t need one. Do your job and do it well, and vacation when it’s do ne. Summer or no summer. Have fun in your evenings and weekends instead.13. Being lazy or disrespectfulThis should go without saying. Don’t be late, don’t shirk work, don’t be rude, don’t be annoying. Don’t be cheeky and take long lunches thinking no one will notice. They will. Work hard and be courteous, rather than obnoxious.14. Lacking professionalismThis is a professional opportunity. If you play your cards right, you could set yourself up for real success. Don’t risk blowing your chance by treating this like a whimsical little stint. Treat it instead like your first job and act as though you could be fired at the end of every day if you don’t prove your mettle.15. Not being presentIf you’re sent an email, or asked a question, or given a task, don’t fade into the background. Don’t disappear. And don’t fail to respond. Answer respectfully in the affirmative, get the job done quickly and well, and remembe r: you are an intern. No job is beneath you. You are there to learn.

Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Good Evening everybody...I hope you are all enjoying everything so far...My name is Frank Levy, and I am Rick's Best Man for the evening. I happened to find out that there was a pool going on as to how long my Best Man's speech was going to be, and I was the only one who bought in at 60 minutes, so you might as well all just relax, sit back and enjoy the ride. When Rick first asked me to be a "Best Man", I wasn't really sure what my responsibilities were suppossed to be. I asked around, and was told that my main duties for today were: To ensure that the groom arrives on time, To make sure he is sober, And to make sure he is looking good. Well 2 out of 3 isn?t bad... After all I?m best man, not a plastic surgeon! I was also worried about how long... Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen – I'd like to start by saying that what a genuine honor it is to be part of Rick's wedding. Rick certainly is handsome tonight, with his fine rented tux and shoes. On a gala evening such as this, you may find it hard to believe that Rick has not always been so handsome. The truth is, Rick was so ugly at birth, the doctor slapped his mother! The nurses were no more sympathetic, they diapered poor little Rick’s face. The fact is, his parents were so embarrassed of Rick that they borrowed another baby for the baptism ceremony. When little Rick went to school, the situation didn’t improve at all. Yes, it is true that Rick was the teacher’s pet – but that was just because the teacher couldn’t afford a dog! Rick's appearance b... Best Man Wedding Speech Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches Well to be honest Steven I thought you would have spoken for longer today†¦.. as that was probably your last opportunity to speak for any length of time without interruption. Not that I’m saying Ellen talks a lot! Afternoon everybody†¦..or is it evening†¦.. seems so long ago that we started these proceedings†¦. For those of you that do not know me my name is Mark Although I’m sure you’ll have a few other names for me after I’ve finished this†¦. Although BIG NOSE is a little obvious! Also just a little soundcheck†¦.Can hear me at the back Good then put a bottle aside for me!!!! Well†¦I hope you’ve all been having a good time and enjoyed yourselves so far†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Good †¦..but as they say †¦.. every silver lining has a cloud†¦.. and I’m afraid it’s just got overcast! I must thank Ellen’s parents for their hospitality today and that really did look like a splendid meal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. although I’m afraid mine should be just be hitting the city sewer system around †¦. About†¦.. now†¦ Response to Steven’s Toast To Bridesmaid First of all may I re-iterate and thank Steven for his complementary comments to the Bridesmaids, who have done a splendid job today at looking wonderful. Although†¦.. No-doubt my sister has already told you this†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Read CARDS / TELEGRAMS here! â€Å"Don’t forget dear †¦.. the slightest ill treatment and you come home to Mother! Closer Look†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Oh!! Its for m service lady will of course be puzzled by this request and ask him whether Mrs Scott might want something more substantial To which Steven will probably reply ‘No that’s ok I'm conducting an experiment to see if she eats like a rabbit as well!" Ladies and Gentlemen please†¦.. settle down†¦ Could you please stand now and join me in a toast to the bride’s parents for this special day. Thank you. And while you are all standing I’ve just got a few last things to say†¦.. Steven you are an excellent friend and it’s been an honour to be your best man. I wish you and Ellen all the very best for the future. If everyone could now join me in a toast to Mr and Mrs Steven and Ellen Scott. Congratulations!!!

MGT230 question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT230 question - Assignment Example However, any motives could be considered universally defensible because people act rationally. This means that since whistle-blowing is a rational choice, then one can substantially universally defend it as a good act or choice. Thus, this is a means to an end, because Kantian theory argues that people act something because that is the rational thing to do. Whistle-blowing could be a way to solve conflict or expose the truth for the benefit of every concerned. This makes this act a means to achieving the desired end. The end, which is the output of a rational choice, would still remain universally defensible because it is part of the rational choice itself. Considering that people act on rational motives, then the rational thing to do is act on duty. Knowing that whistle-blowing is a rational choice, then doing so is acting on duty or on the basis of a good will. Thus, it is clear therefore that Kantian ethics finds whistle-blowing ethical, as far as it is acted on duty, a rational c hoice or a means to an end. 5. Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between individuals in the workplace? Why/why not? Can a policy that prevents workmates from having an intimate relationship be morally justified? Then provide your reasoning (e,g, if you argue that it is unreasonable, you might argue that owing to long working hours, many people do not have very much time to socialize outside of their workplace and/or that when individuals work together closely, it is natural for bonds to form. If you argue that it is reasonable, provide your reasoning e.g. adults should be able to control themselves in the workplace, if they are aware of the rules, they should either comply or find alternative employment - there are plenty of other arguments for/against the premise of the question). Finally, answer the last part of the question –

The Warming of the Earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Warming of the Earth - Essay Example With the millions of people that call Earth 'home', the condition of the planet is one that many have sought to gather more information about, in order to understand the degree in which the planet may be in peril, as well as to what degree human actions would be responsible for it. "Throughout Earth's history, the climate has varied on many time and space scales. In that sense, climatic change is not new, and humanity has had to adapt to a constantly changing climate. Human action has itself had an impact on that climate. Until recently, the impact was local, but now there is concern that human activity, primarily through the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, is leading to a world-wide climatic change which is more rapid and more extreme than any encountered during human history," (Robinson & Henderson-Sellers, p.267). While the extent at which the climate of the planet has varied, so has the impact of its inhabitants. As humans increase their usage of such resources, the rate of global warming is steadily increasing, in conjunction with such behavior patterns. As is the case with many di

USA Sports Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

USA Sports Law - Case Study Example Sports torts are "legal actions taken against professional athletes, teams, organizations and other parties in the sports field for a civil wrong done against and individual" (Epstein, 2008). In this case, Vikings will be accused of a tort against one of their spectators, Johnny Sharman. What Sharman will be fighting for is a recovery of the medical expenses incurred and other associated losses. This is because the injury was caused by the negligence on the part of Vikings. The courts may decide that Vikings owed a duty of care towards the fans that were attending their matches. Because Vikings breached that duty, the courts may rule that the defendant is liable to the damages that were caused by this negligence. There is the aspect of fans expectations. Sharman and his father, when they came to the field, expected to be protected from injuries arising from other spectators. It was the duty of the security agents of the club to refuse entry to the field fans who were drunk and who were liable to causing injuries to their fellow fans. This expectation may nullify the waiver on the back of the ticket. This expectation, though not stated on the ticket, was implied, or can be referred to as an officious bystander. The defence of Vikings will be that al fans "assumes the risk" of being injured during a game. This is expressly indicated on the back of the ticket, and a purchase of the ticket equals acceptance of the terms. As such, Vikings is partially liable or not liable at all. Sharman was negligent because he was not drunk, yet he went and sat together with drunkards who were likely to cause damage in the sport. Conclusion Vikings is either partially liable or not liable at all in this case. It is not fully liable given the fact that they had taken the precautions of erecting the wire mesh and inserting the waiver clause on the ticket. Sharman is partially or fully liable because the ticket indicates that he is liable, and he went to sit with drunkards. Question Two: Billy Rogers' NBA Draft Legal Memorandum Your recent problems, as Billy Rogers and an athlete at State University, stem from the fact that you are unable to attain the relevant academic qualifications for the forthcoming NBA draft. Your bane has been the refusal by the New School to admit you for the independent degree program, whereby you could have acquired a degree and qualified for the draft. It is my understanding that you have made three trials, all to no avail. It is only after the third trial that you became aware of the alleged irregularities with which your application was handled. Allegations of plagiarism and dropping of some topics from your dean led to the school admission officials' overturning of the decision

Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist

Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist Identity Crisis of Post- 9/11 Pakistani-American Immigrants: A Study of Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist â€Å"Home is where your feet are, and may your heart be there too!† Uma Parmeshwaran Geographical dislocations and cross-blending of cultures often necessitate traumatic experiences for the immigrants. The multiplicity of ‘homes’, within conflictual boundaries, does not necessarily bridge this gap between ‘home’ –the culture of origin; and ‘world’ –the culture of adoption. Moreover, an unsettled migrant, ‘dwelling in displacement’, may find these two cultures becoming increasingly hostile to each other with the flow of time and space. Quite often, opportunities for work, trade, research and exploration has collectively motivated, both voluntary and involuntary, migration from the East to the West- accompanied by memories of one’s original ‘homeland’ and its history. After the early 1970s, large scale of immigration has shown a great mobility and adjustability, especially, from South Asia to America- a country who has stood on providing thicket of choices to the immigrants throughout the history. However, the twist of the 21st century brought about many changes in the world when September-11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Centre and Pentagon endangered the lives of Asian immigrants in the U.S., most specifically Muslims, than it was ever before. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her seminal essay, Terror: A Speech After 9/111, explicates that â€Å"the traditional left in the U.S. and in Europe has by and large understood the events of September 11 as a battle between fundamentalism and the failure of democracy†, owing to which, the identity of Pakistanis living abroad had become even more precarious. Many who were unable to defend their own set of beliefs and tried to escape from the chaos, were termed â€Å"Pakis’ and increasingly profiled as ‘potential terrorists’. Since Septmeber-11, one has visibly witnessed a new wave of xenophobia in public, resulting into the closing of borders and an irrational suspicion of the ‘Otherâ⠂¬â„¢. In order to negotiate this disruption in the experience of the diasporic Muslim identity in the West, and to investigate the issues of identity, cross-culturality, post 9/11 ‘return-to-home’ and other disaporic tropes, my study focuses on the work of Pakistani expatriate writer Mohsin Hamid’s semi-autobiographical novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007)2 a tale of an immigrant’s angst and alienation in post 9/11 scenario as he attempts to acclimate to an adoptive homeland. The novel unfolds over a period of a day as the Pakistani narrator, Changez, unspools his life story to the overt addressee, an unnamed American tourist, in a Lahore tea shop of Od Anarkali district. In a one-sided dialogue, Changez reminiscences in detail his experience of living in the United States. Hailing from a well-to-do Pakistani family, Changez excels at Princeton University and becomes â€Å"immediately a New Yorker† after being recruited as an analyst under the prestigious valuation firm, Underwood Samson. Meanwhile, he tumbles into a romantic relationship with a fellow Princeton graduate named Erica, who is consumed by the mythology which she has constructed around her deceased boyfriend. His sentiment of belonging to New York high society, however, begins to stall after the events of September-11 2001 and the following U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. Over the ensuing years, ethnic slurs are tossed in his direction which ultimately act as a catalyst to expose Changez ’s â€Å"fundamental† self. Through the literary trope of migration, Hamid’s novel, in the backdrop of 9/11, illustrates a tale of dissolution and ‘return to home’, which becomes a vehicle for new understandings as the homeland is revalorised. Since September-11, 2001, identity politics and clash of cultures have acquired a special resonance in the public sphere of the Western societies, with regard to their diasporic population, particularly Muslim diasporas. According to Robin Cohen, diasporas are formed when considerable number of people move to a foreign land, either because of some mortifying experience or in search of economic opportunities. Muslim immigrants from South Asia, particularly Pakistan, have been living through a double pledge; on one hand they have to respond to the international political crises’ such as September-11, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq etc., and on the other, they are categorized with the South Asian diasporic identity. The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a narrative of the conflict embodied in the personal dilemma of its protagonist to come to terms with the post 9/11 America and the ‘new identity’ imposed upon him. The basic postulate of ‘melting-pot’ theory that the American culture places on its newly arrived immigrants is amply dynamic; stressing homogeneity on religious as well as ethnic level. Despite of his foreign appearance, Changez ‘merges with the crowd and achieves a new individualized form of social mobility’ by assimilating into the host culture (Cohen: 24). Both Erica and Jim (Underwood’s managing director), notice a â€Å"foreignness† in Changez’s mannerism and demeanour that gives him advantage over others. â€Å"You’re a watchful guy. You know where that comes from? It comes from feeling out of place†, remarks Chris. But this initial excitement over a cosmopolitan way of life in New York is replaced by disillus ionment and scepticism offered by the events that followed 9/11. After watching the attacks on the Twin Towers in his hotel room in Manila, Changez realizes that suddenly a new identity that of a terrorist-look-alike is imposed on him, when he is first strip-searched and interrogated at the airport on his arrival in America. His sense of belonging changes overnight when his foreign appearance becomes a sign of ‘otherness’ for his social environment in New York City. Also, Erica’s neurosis and sudden estrangement from Changez are to be equated with the panic-ridden American society’s doubts towards the loyalties of the Middle Eastern immigrant. This unexpected â€Å"troubled relationship with the host society, suggesting a lack of acceptance at the least’’ is what Cohen also informs as one of the â€Å"common features† of a diaspora (Cohen: 26) that leads the protagonist to a wider examination of his relationship with the adopted home land. September-11 has already set new forces into motion which are redefining the immigrant’s relation to nation, diaspora and homeland. Changez has a decisive attribute in his search for identity that connects him across the post 9/11 continuum. The realization that his job is exploiting developing nations like his own native land, Pakistan, weighs on his conscience and causes him to anticipate what it means to be a member of the U.S. elite meritocracy. The post 9/11 scenario compels him to think about his ethnicity which he wants to retain. Stuart Hall indicates that â€Å"identity is a structured representation which achieves its positive through the narrow eye of the negative†. Disillusioned and disoriented, Changez does not find his identity through solidarity, but through resistance to the dominant culture. The novel seems to make a case for a crucial reality on which personal identity is based, constructed on the notion of ‘home’. According to Safran, â€Å"idealization of the ancestral home and the idea of return† incorporate experiences of several dispersed people who may feel alien ated from the â€Å"host society†. After being verbally abused on several occasions, Changez starts identifying himself with his original roots as he believes that his ethnic identity has become a victim of ethnocentrism in the hands of Americans. Built on the fault lines of East West relations, the novel offers essential cognizance to ‘diaspoic tropes’, such as the beard and the janissary, which highlight Changez’s marginal condition.

Media Essay -- essays research papers

Violence in the Media Violence in the media has been a growing problem ever since the emergence of mass media. One wonders however, how violence has become so prominent in our culture, more so than other countries. More minors are being involved in heinous crimes such as murders and armed robberies. Even play on the school ground is getting rougher. There are many factors that play into the increasing violence, such as over population, religious struggles, and race. One factor that plays into the increase of violence would be mass media. Mass media has the power to reach and influence almost every American. Radio, newspaper, and television are all means by which media reaches people. Television however, can be considered the most influential. Ninety-eight percent of Americans have a television in their household. When it first came out it was considered a novelty, there were only a few channels and the signal was not very clear. Now it is available through air broadcast, cable, or satellite. Television ha s become part of everyday life. With the growing fixation and attraction to violence in the media, children in today’s society are becoming more violent and aggressive than ever before. However, to obtain a true understanding of this problem we must look at all aspect that cause violence, and not just put all of the blame on the media. Nevertheless, we shouldn’t forget the number one violence causing aspect, the media. America was founded upon violence; and we have always been a society of power and control. This land was violently taken away from the American Indians. After this land was civilized, power and control was desired so much so that we rebelled against Great Britain to have this place for ourselves. We rebelled with violence and won. America ever since has always been the best at almost everything. America will achieve this most of the time thru violence. Both world wars and other political conflicts have been won by America using violence. Power achieved thru violence is one of America’s downfalls. People in America have the spirit that this country was founded upon, which has its negative and positive aspects. However, violence is finding its way into out culture everywhere, especially the television. When it comes to children and television, there is much debate. Many argue that television is healthy for children. It opens up th... ...oduction of television (Facts about Media). This only proves that people become more violent from watching television or more immune to it. Many people admitted after September 11th that when they watched the planes crash into the World Trade Centers that they were not fazed. This is because Hollywood has shown things crash and blow up so much that we confuse it with a Hollywood movie. When you watch something so much it becomes a part of your life. You do not know the difference of it being â€Å"real† or just â€Å"TV.† In conclusion, violence in the media has been a growing problem for quite awhile. Mass media has the power to reach and influence almost every American. Radio, newspaper, and television are all means by which media reaches people. Through means of mass media, mostly television, violence is reaching Americas youth and turning our culture into a violent hungry society. Television has great influence on children. It opens their eyes to the world and violence on TV has a devastating effect that continues throughout their adulthood. Even though we can’t blame all of our flaws and problems on the media we should at least focus and fix this problem before too much harm is done.

Altruism: Research perspectives from Current psychology Essay

Altruism which can also be termed as selflessness is a principle of practice that concerns the welfare of others. This is one of the traditional virtues that were upheld by several cultures, secular views and religious traditions. This is a malleable notion that is understood differently in many disciplines although the common denominator of all the definitions is the ideology of unidirectional helping character. Within the clinical setting, altruism is a value that nurses as professionals poses. Despite the enormous changes within the society and the ways in which training and education for nurses is delivered, nursing is highly underpinned by the beliefs and values of the profession. The values that have been evaluated as altruistic include care for others, academic performance and self-control. Altruism is the key characteristic that all nurses and the health professionals are expected to have (Puka, 1994). The definition of altruism biologically is the behavior that individual poses and increases fitness of another person while at the same time decreasing the fitness of the actor (Pallone, 1999). In this particular sense, it is totally different from the philosophical perspective whereby an action is only said to be altruistic if it was done with a conscious intention of helping another person. Within the nursing and health care fraternities, there are no restrictions to an altruistic act which is just but an act of helping an individual who as a problem or caring for others (Puka, 1994). The nursing and healthcare professionals possess the responsibility of being altruistic. This means that as professionals they have an ethical obligation give others what they need without any form of self-interest (Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Most nurses who are altruistic will always make decisions totally that are in the best interest of the concerned patient. By being altruistic the nurses and healthcare professionals are being patient advocate, hence they will be practicing good ethics of nursing. During a moral code situation, the adrenaline of the nurses and healthcare professionals and in a life-saving mode. At this particular point they feel good being a nurse who can save the world as an individual, but when things doesn’t go right this particular feeling is put into a test and one keep asking him or herself questions(Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Many new nurses have very hard time while making decisions concerning life and death. In most cases it takes a lot of maturity to get wisdom, knowledge and certitude. Ethics in the healthcare and nursing profession is what it always drives the process of making decisions whether good or bad. Altruism as one of the most critical code of ethics should always be involved in any other decision that is made (Johnson, Larkin, & Saks, 1995). Nurses are also put in a fix that they have to always respect the cultural beliefs and the values of others. Just because nurses sometimes think they know the right thing to do, does not actually make it totally right. It is altruistic for the nurses and other health care professionals to honor and respect the wishes and beliefs of the patients. It is unfortunate that they decisions that are made by the patients and their families are mainly driven by either grief of total lack of understanding (Puka, 1994). Conclusion                      Altruism as part of ethics practiced by nurses encompasses the interpretation of an individual. It is based totally on the values and morals that individuals possess. Although the Nurse Practice Act have very good guidelines for how individuals should act it does not absolve individuals from making personal decisions concerning the issues at hand. References Pallone, N. J. (1999). Altruism, narcissism, comity: Research perspectives from Current psychology. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. Johnson, T., Larkin, G., & Saks, M. (1995).  Health professions and the state in Europe. London: Rutledge. Bailey, P. A., Carpenter, D. R., & Harrington, P. A. (1999).  Integrating community service into nursing education: A guide to service-learning. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co. Puka, B. (1994).  Reaching out: Caring, altruism, and prosocial behavior. New York: Garland. Source document